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The Naval Academy is located in Annapolis, the capital of Maryland. It has a population of around 36,000 and sits at the mouth of the Severn River. Annapolis was the temporary capital of the United States in 1783–1794 and the site of the Annapolis Peace Conference, held in November 2007, at the United States Naval Academy. The city is home to a number of theatres, museums, historical sites, and monuments, as well as St. John's College and the Naval Academy. The Naval Academy was built on the site of Fort Severn, and now occupies an area of land next to the Chesapeake Bay. Students at the Naval Academy have less time off-campus than most students. During semesters of the academic year, off-campus privileges are restricted to “town liberty” and “weekend liberty.” Weekend liberty permits you to leave the academy after your last military obligation on Friday afternoon and return Sunday evening. Liberty curfews differ according to seniority.

The campus—commonly called "The Yard"—has grown from a 10-acre Army post named Fort Severn in 1845 to a 338-acre campus today. In addition to school buildings and athletic facilities, it is home to various monuments, including the Japanese Bell, the Tecumseh Statue, Battle ensigns, and the Herndon Monument. Bancroft Hall is the largest building at the Naval Academy and it houses all midshipmen. The Rotunda, the ceremonial entrance to Bancroft Hall. When the Navy is in possession of The Commander in Chief's Trophy, it is kept in the Rotunda. Memorial Hall is a midshipmen-kept memorial to graduates who have died during military operations. The Naval Academy Chapel is a historic chapel at the center of the campus, across from Herndon Monument. It has a high dome that can be seen throughout Annapolis. The main library on campus is Nimitz Library, which houses the departments of Language Studies, Economics and Political Science, as well as the Academy’s collection of books.

All midshipmen live in Bancroft Hall, a huge dormitory complex that is the biggest building on campus. Midshipmen are assigned to a room with one or more of their classmates and live in close proximity to about 130 other midshipmen in their company. Male and female midshipmen from all four classes make up each company. Each company has its own living area, called the wardroom, for meetings and recreation. The dorm rooms are wired for computers, Internet access and phones. From the Naval Academy’s website: “No matter what your background, chances are the living arrangements at the academy are different from anything you have experienced. The day begins with reveille and ends with lights out. You stand watches, march to meals and wear uniforms for almost everything you do. You and your roommates must keep your room ready for a military inspection at any time and keep your uniforms in regulation condition. Demerits are awarded for a room or uniform that is not in proper order or “squared away.””

The Naval Academy's sports teams have no official name but are generally referred to as "the Midshipmen" (since all athletes are, in fact, midshipmen), or more informally as "the Mids." Sometimes people say “Middies,” but the term is usually used in a derogatory way. The teams' mascot is Bill the Goat. The Midshipmen participate in the NCAA's Division I as an independent (i.e., not a member of any conference) in football and in the NCAA Division I Patriot League in other sports. The biggest sporting event is the annual Army-Navy Game. The three major service academies (Navy, Air Force, and Army) also compete for the Commander in Chief's Trophy in football. Participation in athletics is mandatory at the Naval Academy, so Midshipmen not on an intercollegiate team must participate in intramural or club sports (there are a few exceptions). Varsity letter winners wear a special blue cardigan with a large gold "N" patch affixed. Men's varsity sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, football, golf, gymnastics, lacrosse, soccer, football, squash, swimming, tennis, track, water polo, and wrestling. Women’s varsity sports include basketball, crew, cross country, soccer, lacrosse, swimming, tennis (starting in 2009), track, and volleyball. The co-ed varsity sports are diving and rifle.